How are individuals selected to be Administrative Judges?
Administrative Judges are hired through a competitive interview process by the Secretary of State. Open positions for a new Administrative Judge are publicly posted by the Secretary of State’s Human Resources division.
Is there a difference between Administrative Judge and Administrative Law Judge or ALJ?
No. The titles Administrative Judge, Administrative Law Judge, and ALJ are used interchangeably.
Do Administrative Judges specialize in a particular area of the law?
No, Administrative Judges hear a wide variety of cases. Judges have experience with the multi-faceted issues presented by each individual case filed with APD. This approach allows for the greatest amount of flexibility with scheduling and assignment of cases ensuring that hearings and mediations proceed in the most expeditious manner possible. The one exception to this practice involves State Board of Equalization cases which are primarily assigned to a subset of judges with additional specialized training in that area of the law.
What is an Administrative Judge?
An Administrative Judge is also known as an Administrative Law Judge or ALJ. The Administrative Judge rules on cases involving administrative disputes (or disputes regarding the administration or implementation of government laws and rules).
Who issues Apostilles and Authentications?
The Tennessee Department of State, Business Services Division, issues an Apostille or an Authentication under the authority of the Tennessee Secretary of State with respect to documents executed, issued or certified by Tennessee County Clerks, the Tennessee State Registrar, and the Tennessee Secretary of State.
If a document needs an Authentication, the United States Department of State must also certify the Tennessee Secretary of State’s signature on the Authentication. This step is not necessary for an Apostille.
What is an Apostille or an Authentication?
An Apostille or an Authentication certifies the authenticity of the signature, seal and position of the official who has executed, issued or certified a copy of a public document. An Apostille or an Authentication enables a public document issued in one country to be recognized as valid in another country. While they accomplish the same objective, there are differences between Apostilles and Authentications.
An Apostille is a certification form set out in The Hague Convention abolishing the requirement of legalization for foreign public documents (1961).
An Apostille may be obtained to transmit public documents executed in one signatory country to another signatory country in which the documents need to be produced. The Hague Convention defines a “public document” as:
Those originating in a court, clerk of a court, public prosecutor or process server;
Administrative documents;
Notarial acts; and
Official certificates are placed on documents.
An Authentication may be obtained to transmit public documents to countries that have not subscribed to The Hague Convention.