If you disagree with the judge’s decision in your case, you may file a Petition for Reconsideration (PFR) or an appeal. Usually, a PFR is decided by the judge who initially heard your case. If you appeal an Initial Order, the case will go back to the agency where the case started for a decision and that agency will issue a Final Order. A Final Order (whether issued by the ALJ or the agency) may be appealed through the courts, usually starting with Chancery Court. All Initial and Final Orders will have specific information about how to file a PFR or an appeal. Different cases have different rules about when and where you can file a PFR or an appeal so you MUST check the Notice of Appeal Procedures attached to your order.
How can I contact the Judge to discuss my case?
If you wish to contact the ALJ assigned to your case, you may email the ALJ. However, you must also include the other parties in the case on your email. Failure to include the other parties in your email is inappropriate ex parte communications. If you do not have contact information for the ALJ assigned to your case, please contact APD.
How soon should I expect a decision in my case?
Generally, hearing decisions are rendered within 90 days from the date the record closes, however, there are many exceptions based on the type of case and whether a rule or statute specifically addresses decision timelines. More specific information about when a decision will be made in your case may be discussed with the ALJ during your hearing.
Under what legal authority does the Secretary of State accept service of process?
Service of Process is issued under the following statutes:
Tennessee’s Long-Arm Statutes, Tennessee Code Annotated (T.C.A.) Title 20, Chapter 2, Part 2.
The Tennessee Business Corporation Act, T.C.A. Title 48, Chapters 11-27
Tennessee Nonprofit Corporation Act, T.C.A. Title 48, Chapters 51-68
Tennessee Limited Liability Company Act ,T.C.A. Title 48,Chapters 201-248
The Tennessee Revised Limited Liability Company Act, T.C.A. Title 48, Chapter 249
The Tennessee Revised Uniform Partnership Act, T.C.A. Title 61, Chapter 1
The Hague Convention is preprinted as an annotation to Rule 4, 28 U.S.C.A., Fed. R. Civ. P., Rules 1011, (1992) (Annotation to Rule 4).
Where are APD cases heard?
APD conducts hearings and mediations in all 95 counties across Tennessee. These hearings or mediations may be held in-person, by telephone conference call, or by video conferencing, depending upon the case type and the needs of the parties.
Where is my hearing?
Information regarding the location for your hearing should be contained in your Notice of Hearing, Notice of Hearing and Charges, or Scheduling Order. If you cannot find that information, you can call APD to ask.
I already missed my hearing. Now what happens? Can I get another hearing?
If you missed your hearing, you can contact the opposing party or APD to ask about the status of your case. As a result of your absence, the ALJ may have already ruled that you are in default and dismissed the case. Or, the ALJ may have continued the hearing to another date. Either way, you should receive a written order explaining the ALJ’s ruling. If your case has been dismissed and you want to challenge that ruling, you can file a Petition for Reconsideration, explaining why you missed the hearing.
How many summonses do the Division of Business Services process annually?
The Division of Business Services processes over 13,800 summonses annually.
How do I register a nonprofit in Tennessee?
Domestic and Foreign Nonprofit Corporation filings can be filed through our online filing system.
Do you offer hearings in other languages besides English? How can I participate in my case if I don’t speak English as my primary language?
APD does not offer hearings or mediations in other languages besides English nor does APD directly employ translators or interpreters. However, typically, the government agency involved in your case will provide an interpreter for a pre-hearing conference, mediation, or hearing if an interpreter is needed and requested. If you are having a hard time fully understanding all that is being discussed in your case, you should request that an interpreter be provided.
To request interpretation services, please notify the judge assigned to your case. If you do not yet have a judge assigned to your case, you can notify APD that you need translation services by emailing apd.filings@tnsos.gov or by calling 615-741-7008. Please note, if you call by telephone, APD does not have the ability to answer the call in other languages besides English.
How can I check on the status of a request for issuance of Service of Process?
The Service of Process Search allows you to check on the status of a Service of Process issuance by the defendant’s last name (or company name if a company) or by court docket number. This database reflects all non-archived processes served through the Tennessee Secretary of State as of three working days prior to the requested date. Service of Process records are archived on an annual basis.
What reason might a Service of Process filing be rejected by the Division of Business Services?
A Service of Process filing may be rejected for many reasons. Some of the most common reasons are:
An insufficient number of copies of the summons are submitted (an original and one certified copy are required for each defendant).
An address for an out-of-state defendant is not provided.
The defendant and/or agent for Service of Process has a Tennessee address requiring Service of Process by the Sheriff of the county of the defendant and/or agent not by the Secretary of State.
The $20.00 filing fee is not enclosed.
The check, bank draft, or money order is not made payable to the “Tennessee Secretary of State.”
The original and/or certified copy of the summons is not signed by the Clerk or Deputy Clerk.
The Clerk’s certified stamp, seal, or imprint is not affixed to the summons.
The process is to be served on an insurance company requiring Service of Process through the Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance.
The action is instituted in a court outside Tennessee.
How is an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) assigned to a case?
Generally, ALJs are initially assigned to individual cases either by rotation or randomization, depending on the case type. Those case types with a larger volume of cases before APD are randomly assigned amongst the pool of judges. For these case types, if a hearing is continued or rescheduled, the case may be reassigned to another ALJ. Case types with a smaller volume of cases before APD are assigned by rotation amongst the ALJs. If a hearing is rescheduled for one of these cases, the case usually stays with the initial ALJ.
You may represent yourself. You are not required to have an attorney and you are not entitled to have an attorney appointed for you. You may, however, hire an attorney to represent you at your own expense.
Cases before APD are official legal proceedings and they can be complicated. We understand that, and we try to make the process, hearings, and orders as straightforward as possible. However, we also encourage those with complicated cases and who cannot afford an attorney to reach out to your local bar association or Legal Aid Society in your county or region.
Regarding businesses that may be a party in a case … if you are the owner of a sole proprietorship, you may also self-represent your business. If a party in a case is a separate legal entity, such as an LLC or corporation, representatives of those business entities may testify in hearings. However, those representatives may not act as an attorney for cross-examination of witnesses, make opening or closing statements, etc.
What will happen if I do not attend the hearing
If you do not attend your scheduled hearing, the ALJ may rule that you are in default and dismiss the case. If you want to challenge that ruling, you can file a Petition for Reconsideration , explaining why you missed the hearing.
What is an Assumed Name?
An assumed name is a name other than the true entity name under which it conducts business. Tennessee does not recognize 'DBAs' (doing business as) or fictitious names. The assumed name is good for 5 years and can be renewed.
Do you have to use an attorney to incorporate?
You are not required to use an attorney to file a new entity; however, using the services of a professional may be helpful.
What are the most common reasons for rejection of a filing?
The required filing fee was not enclosed.
The document has not been signed
The document is not clear and legible.
The document was not enclosed.
The document is not dated.
An email address was not provided.
The name that you have requested is unavailable because it is not distinguishable from another business entity on file.
We were not able to obtain tax clearance from the Department of Revenue. Please, contact the Tennessee Department of Revenue at (615) 253-0600 or (800) 342-1003. Once you have satisfied their requirements, resubmit your document to our office for filing.
The address of the registered office must be a physical Tennessee address; it cannot be a post office box, route number, or box number alone.
I was told I need to pay a fee to get my car (or other property or license) back. How do I pay that?
The resolution of many cases may impose a fee on the petitioner. You should contact the government agency that was involved in your case for payment instructions. APD does not collect these fees and payment should not be made to APD.
Examples may include a fee to get a car or other property returned to you after it was seized by a law enforcement agency or a fee to have your professional license reinstated after it has been suspended.
I received a bill for my case. How do I pay that?
If you have been billed for your case, you would have been billed by the government agency involved in your case, not by APD. Questions regarding those charges or payment should, therefore, be addressed to the government agency involved in your case. Payment should not be sent to APD.
I see that I have to “serve” the other party my documents. How do I do that?
A registered agent is a person or company who agrees to accept legal mail on behalf of your entity. Tennessee requires that all entities (except General Partnerships (GP) to maintain a registered agent/office in the State of Tennessee at all times.
What should I bring to the hearing?
You should bring all of the documentation you have received since your appeal began, any witnesses you wish to question during the hearing, and anything you wish to introduce as an exhibit (with extra copies) at the hearing.
Please refer to the orders issued in your case for additional information.